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Glossary Terms​

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a manufacturing process that involves building up layers of material to create a three-dimensional object, and is widely used for rapid prototyping and production of complex geometries. Read more

An abrasive is a material used in CNC machining to remove material from a workpiece through friction and wear, and may be in the form of grains, powders, or other particles. Read more

Accuracy is the degree to which a CNC machine is able to consistently and precisely achieve a desired result, and is influenced by a variety of factors such as machine design, programming, and tooling. Read more

Acoustic emission is a technique used in CNC machining to monitor the sound and vibration produced by the machining process, and may be used to detect and diagnose tool wear or other issues. Read more

Adaptive control is a type of CNC machining control system that uses sensors and feedback to adjust the machining parameters in real time, and may be used to compensate for variations in material properties, tool wear, or other factors. Read more

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a manufacturing process that involves building up layers of material to create a three-dimensional object, and is widely used for rapid prototyping and production of complex geometries. Read more

Air bearings are a type of bearing used in CNC machines that use compressed air to provide a thin layer of support between two moving surfaces, reducing friction and wear and improving accuracy and repeatability. Read more

An air blast is a stream of compressed air used in CNC machining to remove chips, debris, or other contaminants from the workpiece or cutting tool. Read more

An air gap is the distance between two components or surfaces in a CNC machine, and may be used to control the flow of coolant, lubricant, or other fluids, or to prevent interference between moving parts. Read more

Angular plunge grinding is a type of CNC grinding process that involves grinding at an angle relative to the axis of rotation, and may be used to create complex geometries or shapes. Read more

Arc gap refers to the distance between the electrode and workpiece in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and accuracy of the machining process. Read more

Automatic loading and unloading refers to the use of robotics or other automated systems to transfer workpieces or materials into and out of a CNC machine, reducing manual labor and increasing efficiency. Read more

An axis is a reference direction or line of movement in a CNC machine, and may refer to the X, Y, or Z axis, as well as additional axes used in specialized applications. Read more

Backlash is the amount of play or clearance between two components in a CNC machine, and may result in reduced accuracy or repeatability if not properly controlled. Read more

Balancing is the process of adjusting the weight or distribution of a rotating component in a CNC machine to reduce vibration and improve accuracy and tool life. Read more

A ball end mill is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining that has a spherical end, allowing it to create rounded or curved features in the workpiece. Read more

Beryllium copper is a type of metal alloy that is often used for mold cores and other components due to its high strength and excellent thermal conductivity. (BeCu) Read more

A blind hole is a drilled hole that does not pass completely through the workpiece, but instead stops at a certain depth. Read more

Bond refers to the material that holds the abrasive grains or particles together in a grinding or cutting tool used in CNC machining, and may be made from a variety of materials such as resin, metal, or ceramic. Read more

Bore grinding is a type of CNC grinding process that is used to create precise, cylindrical holes or bores in a workpiece, and may be used in a variety of applications such as automotive or aerospace components. Read more

Burn is a type of CNC machining defect that occurs when the cutting tool generates excessive heat, resulting in discoloration or damage to the workpiece surface. Read more

CAD refers to the use of computer software to design and model components and products in three-dimensional space. (CAD) Read more

CAD/CAM, or computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing, refers to the use of software programs in CNC machining to create and edit part designs, generate toolpaths, and simulate machining operations. Read more

A cam pin is a type of guide pin used in injection molds to control the movement of components such as lifters and slides. Read more

Carbide is a type of cutting tool material used in CNC machining that is made from a combination of tungsten and carbon, and is valued for its hardness, wear resistance, and toughness. Read more

The cavity plate is the part of an injection mold that forms the actual shape of the molded part, including any necessary undercuts or other features. Read more

CBN, or cubic boron nitride, is a type of cutting tool material used in CNC machining that is valued for its hardness, wear resistance, and ability to cut hard or abrasive materials such as hardened steel or cast iron. Read more

Center cutting refers to a cutting tool that has a sharp center point, allowing it to be used for drilling or plunging into a workpiece, as well as for traditional milling or cutting operations. Read more

Centerless grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create cylindrical shapes or surfaces on workpieces, and involves feeding the workpiece between two grinding wheels without the need for a center or support. Read more

Chatter is a type of vibration or noise that can occur in a CNC machine during cutting or grinding operations, and may be caused by various factors such as tool wear, improper cutting parameters, or poor machine design. Read more

Chip formation refers to the process of removing material from a workpiece during CNC machining, and involves the creation and removal of small chips or particles through cutting or grinding. Read more

Chip load refers to the amount of material removed by a cutting tool during each pass or revolution, and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

A chordal surface is a type of surface created through CNC machining that is defined by a series of straight lines or chords connecting two points on a curve or circle. Read more

Chucking is the process of securing a workpiece or cutting tool in a CNC machine using a chuck or other clamping device, and is critical for ensuring stability and accuracy during machining operations. Read more

Climb milling is a type of CNC milling operation in which the cutting tool moves in the same direction as the feed, resulting in a smoother surface finish and reduced tool wear, but may also increase the risk of chatter… Read more

CNC, or computer numerical control, refers to the use of computerized systems to control and automate machining operations in a CNC machine, including the movement of cutting tools and workpieces. Read more

CNC machining is a manufacturing process that uses computer-controlled machines to create precise, complex shapes and components from a variety of materials, and is widely used in the production of injection molds and other precision components. Read more

A coated tool is a cutting tool used in CNC machining that has been coated with a thin layer of material, such as diamond or carbide, to improve wear resistance, reduce friction, or enhance other properties. Read more

A collet is a type of clamping device used in CNC machining to secure a cutting tool or workpiece, and may be designed to fit a specific tool shank or workpiece diameter. Read more

Coolant is a fluid used in CNC machining to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and workpiece, reducing heat and friction and improving tool life and surface finish. Read more

A cooling channel is a path within an injection mold through which a cooling fluid, typically water, is circulated to dissipate heat from the mold and the molten plastic. Read more

A core pin is a cylindrical rod used in injection molds to create internal features such as holes, threads, and other complex shapes in the molded part. Read more

The core plate is the part of an injection mold that contains the core pins and forms the internal features of the molded part. Read more

A counterbore is a type of hole created through CNC machining that has a larger diameter at one end, allowing a bolt or screw head to be recessed or flush with the surface of the workpiece. Read more

A countersink is a type of hole created through CNC machining that has a conical shape, allowing a screw or bolt to be seated flush with the surface of the workpiece. Read more

Creep feed grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to remove large amounts of material from a workpiece at low feed rates, and may be used to create complex geometries or shapes. Read more

Cross feed refers to the movement of the cutting tool or workpiece perpendicular to the axis of rotation in a CNC machine, and may be used to create flat surfaces or contours. Read more

Crush dressing is a technique used in CNC grinding to dress or shape the grinding wheel by pressing a tool against the wheel and causing it to fracture or break off small pieces, resulting in a new, sharp surface. Read more

A cutoff wheel is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining to make precise, straight cuts in a workpiece, and may be made from a variety of materials such as ceramic or diamond. Read more

A cutter is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining to remove material from a workpiece, and may be designed for a specific material, geometry, or application. Read more

Cutting fluid is a liquid or paste used in CNC machining to lubricate and cool the cutting tool and workpiece, reducing friction and heat and improving tool life and surface finish. Read more

Cutting speed refers to the speed at which the cutting tool or workpiece is moved in relation to the cutting surface in a CNC machine, and is a critical factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Cycle time refers to the total time required to complete a single machining operation in a CNC machine, and may include loading and unloading times, tool changes, and other factors. Read more

Cylindrical grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, cylindrical shapes or surfaces on a workpiece, and may be used in a variety of applications such as automotive or aerospace components. Read more

Damping refers to the process of reducing or controlling vibration in a CNC machine or cutting tool, and may involve the use of specialized materials or structures designed to absorb or dissipate energy. Read more

Degating is the process of removing the sprue or runner from the molded part after it has been ejected from the mold. Read more

Depth of cut refers to the distance between the cutting surface and the bottom of a groove or cavity created through CNC machining, and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

A diamond wheel is a type of grinding wheel used in CNC machining that is coated with diamond particles, and is valued for its hardness, wear resistance, and ability to cut hard or abrasive materials such as ceramics or glass. Read more

A die is a specialized tool used in CNC machining to shape or stamp metal or other materials, and may be used in a variety of applications such as forging or extrusion. Read more

A dielectric is an insulating material used in electrical discharge machining (EDM) to separate the electrode and workpiece and control the spark discharge. Common dielectric materials include deionized water, oil, and synthetic fluids. Read more

DNC, or direct numerical control, is a type of CNC machine control system that allows multiple machines to be controlled from a central computer or network, and may be used to improve efficiency and reduce errors in the machining process. Read more

Discharge machining is a general term used to describe a variety of manufacturing processes that use electrical discharge to remove material from a workpiece, including electrical discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM. Read more

Dressing is the process of shaping or conditioning a grinding wheel used in CNC machining, and may involve the use of specialized tools or techniques such as crush dressing or diamond truing. Read more

A drill is a cutting tool used in CNC machining to create cylindrical holes in a workpiece, and may be designed for a specific material, geometry, or application. Read more

A drill bit is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining that is designed to fit into a drill and create cylindrical holes in a workpiece, and may be made from a variety of materials such as high-speed… Read more

A drill press is a type of machine tool used in CNC machining to drill precise, accurate holes in a workpiece, and may include features such as adjustable speeds or automatic feed mechanisms. Read more

Ductile regime grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create smooth, precise surfaces on a workpiece by maintaining a level of plastic deformation or ductility, rather than causing fractures or cracks. Read more

Dwell is a term used in CNC machining to refer to the amount of time a cutting tool remains in contact with the workpiece during a machining operation, and may be used to control the depth or quality of the… Read more

EDM, or electrical discharge machining, is a manufacturing process that uses electrical discharge to remove material from a workpiece, and is commonly used in the production of precision parts and components. Read more

An ejector pin is a cylindrical rod used in injection molds to push the molded part out of the mold cavity and into the ejection system. Read more

Electrochemical grinding is a type of CNC grinding process that uses a conductive wheel and an electrolyte solution to remove material from a workpiece through a combination of mechanical and electrochemical processes. Read more

An electrode is a conductive component used in electrical discharge machining (EDM) to deliver the electrical current to the workpiece and remove material through sparking. Read more

Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses an electrical current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, and is sometimes used in conjunction with electrical discharge machining (EDM) to improve the surface finish of the machined part. Read more

An electrolyte is a solution used in electrochemical grinding or other types of CNC machining processes to facilitate the transfer of ions between the workpiece and the conductive grinding wheel or other electrode. Read more

Electroplated refers to a type of cutting tool or grinding wheel used in CNC machining that has been coated with a thin layer of metal, such as diamond or nickel, to improve wear resistance or other properties. Read more

An end mill is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining to create precise, contoured shapes or surfaces on a workpiece, and may be designed for a specific material, geometry, or application. Read more

Face grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, flat surfaces on a workpiece, and may be used in a variety of applications such as automotive or aerospace components. Read more

Facing is a type of CNC machining operation used to create a flat surface or plane on the end of a workpiece, and may involve the use of a specialized cutting tool or technique. Read more

Feed refers to the rate at which the cutting tool or workpiece is moved in relation to the cutting surface in a CNC machine, and is a critical factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Feed rate refers to the rate at which the cutting tool or workpiece is moved in relation to the cutting surface in a CNC machine, and is a critical factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Finish grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create a smooth, polished surface on a workpiece, and may be used to improve the aesthetic appearance or functionality of the finished product. Read more

A fixed wheel head is a type of grinding wheel used in CNC machining that is mounted permanently to the machine and cannot be adjusted or moved, and may be used for specific applications or materials. Read more

A fixture is a specialized device used in CNC machining to hold a workpiece securely in place during the machining process, and may be designed for a specific geometry or application. Read more

Flank wear is a type of tool wear that occurs on the side or flank of a cutting tool used in CNC machining, and may be caused by a variety of factors such as abrasion or fatigue. Read more

A flat end mill is a type of cutting tool used in CNC machining that has a flat or rectangular end, and is commonly used for creating flat or square features on a workpiece. Read more

Flushing is the process of circulating the dielectric fluid in electrical discharge machining (EDM) to remove debris and maintain the integrity of the machining process. Read more

Flute grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, sharp edges or flutes on a cutting tool such as an end mill or drill bit, and may be used to improve the cutting performance or efficiency… Read more

Flutes are the grooves or channels on a cutting tool such as an end mill or drill bit, and are designed to remove material from a workpiece and improve chip evacuation. Read more

G-code is a standardized programming language used in CNC machining to control the movement and actions of a machine tool or cutting tool, and may include commands such as “move to position” or “turn on coolant”. Read more

Gang milling is a type of CNC milling process used to machine multiple surfaces or features on a workpiece simultaneously using multiple cutting tools or spindles, and may be used to improve efficiency or accuracy in the machining process. Read more

A gantry mill is a type of CNC milling machine that features a bridge or gantry structure spanning the width of the work area, and may be used to create large, complex parts or structures. Read more

Gap voltage is the voltage applied between the electrode and workpiece in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and accuracy of the machining process. Read more

The gate is the opening in the injection mold through which molten plastic is introduced into the mold cavity to form the part. Read more

Grinding is a type of CNC machining process used to remove material from a workpiece using a rotating abrasive wheel or other cutting tool, and may be used to create precise shapes or surfaces on a variety of materials. Read more

Grinding ratio refers to the ratio of material removed from a workpiece to the amount of grinding wheel wear or material lost during the grinding process, and is a measure of the efficiency or effectiveness of the grinding operation. Read more

Grit refers to the size or coarseness of the abrasive particles used in a grinding wheel or other cutting tool, and may be measured in microns or mesh size. Read more

Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a material to deformation or penetration, and may be an important factor in determining the appropriate cutting tool or machining parameters for a given material. Read more

Honing is a type of CNC machining process used to create a precise, smooth surface on a workpiece using a rotating abrasive stone or tool, and may be used to improve the fit or functionality of components such as cylinders… Read more

An HMC or horizontal machining center is a type of CNC machine tool used for high-precision machining of complex parts or components, and features a horizontally oriented spindle and workpiece bed for improved stability and accuracy. Read more

A hot runner system is an injection molding system that uses heated channels to keep the plastic resin molten as it is delivered to the mold cavity. Read more

Hybrid grinding is a type of CNC grinding process that combines two or more different grinding techniques or tools in order to achieve a specific result or optimize the machining process. Read more

Hydrostatic bearings are a type of bearing used in CNC machines that rely on a fluid or gas to provide a stable, low-friction support for rotating components such as spindles or tool holders. Read more

Indexing is the process of rotating a workpiece or cutting tool to a specific position or angle in order to perform a specific machining operation, and may be done manually or automatically in a CNC machine. Read more

Infeed refers to the process of feeding a cutting tool or workpiece into a machining operation, and may be controlled manually or automatically in a CNC machine. Read more

Injection molding is a manufacturing process in which molten plastic is injected into a mold cavity, cooled and solidified, and then ejected as a finished part. Read more

An injection molding machine is a machine used in the injection molding process to heat and inject molten plastic into a mold cavity to create a desired shape or product. Read more

Injection molding is a manufacturing process that involves injecting molten plastic into a mold cavity to create a desired shape or product, and is widely used for the production of consumer goods, automotive components, and other industrial products. Read more

Inspection is the process of verifying the accuracy or quality of a machined component or finished product using specialized tools or equipment, and may include visual inspection, dimensional measurement, or material analysis. Read more

Internal grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to machine the interior surface of a cylindrical or conical workpiece, and may be used to create precise bores or holes with tight tolerances or surface finish requirements. Read more

Interrupted grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to machine a workpiece with interrupted or varying contours, and may require specialized tooling or programming to ensure consistent and accurate results. Read more

A jig is a specialized fixture or tool used in CNC machining to hold a workpiece or cutting tool in a specific position or orientation, and may be designed for a specific geometry or application. Read more

Jig grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, complex shapes or features on a workpiece using a specialized jig and grinding wheel, and may be used for high-precision applications such as mold or die making. Read more

Lapping is a type of CNC machining process used to create a precise, flat surface or fine finish on a workpiece using a rotating abrasive tool and a specialized abrasive slurry, and may be used for applications such as sealing… Read more

A lathe is a type of CNC machine tool used for turning or machining cylindrical or conical workpieces, and may be used for a variety of applications such as threading, boring, or facing. Read more

Leader pins are cylindrical pins used in injection molds to align the cavity and core plates during mold assembly and operation. Read more

A lifter is a type of component used in injection molds to create undercuts or other complex features in the molded part by lifting the core pins or cavity plate. Read more

A linear axis is a component of a CNC machine that provides linear or straight-line movement along a specific axis, and may be driven by a variety of mechanisms such as ball screws or linear motors. Read more

A machining center is a type of CNC machine tool that combines multiple machining processes such as milling, drilling, and turning into a single integrated system, and may include multiple spindles, tool changers, and other advanced features for increased productivity… Read more

A machinist is a skilled professional who specializes in operating and programming CNC machines to create precision parts or components according to specific design requirements or specifications. Read more

Material removal rate (MRR) is a measurement of the volume of material that is removed during a CNC machining operation, typically measured in cubic inches per minute (in3/min) or cubic millimeters per minute (mm3/min). Read more

Metal bonded refers to a type of abrasive tool used in CNC machining, where abrasive particles such as diamond or cubic boron nitride are bonded to a metal substrate using a specialized process, and may be used for grinding, cutting,… Read more

Metal removal rate (MRR) is a measurement of the volume of material that is removed during a CNC machining operation, typically measured in cubic inches per minute (in3/min) or cubic millimeters per minute (mm3/min). Read more

Micro-EDM is a specialized form of electrical discharge machining (EDM) that is used to create precise, intricate shapes and features on small parts and components. Read more

Microcracking is a phenomenon that may occur during CNC machining, where small cracks or fractures may form in a workpiece due to the thermal stresses or mechanical forces generated during the machining process. Read more

A milling machine is a type of CNC machine tool used for cutting or shaping metal or other materials using a rotating cutting tool and a stationary workpiece, and may be used for a variety of applications such as drilling,… Read more

The mold base is the bottom portion of an injection mold that contains the mold cavity, core pins, cooling channels, and other components necessary for molding. Read more

Mold design refers to the process of creating a detailed plan for an injection mold, including its size, shape, components, and operation. Read more

Mold flow analysis is a computer simulation technique used to predict the behavior of molten plastic during injection molding, allowing for the optimization of mold design and operation. Read more

Mold release is a type of lubricant applied to the mold cavity and core pins to prevent the molded part from sticking to the mold surface. Read more

Mold steel is a type of steel alloy specifically designed for use in injection molds, with high strength, durability, and resistance to wear and corrosion. Read more

A molded part is a component or product produced through the injection molding process, with a specific shape, size, and features determined by the design of the mold. Read more

A molded product is a finished product produced through the injection molding process, which may include multiple molded parts assembled together, such as automotive components or consumer products. Read more

Moldmaking is the process of creating a mold for injection molding, which typically involves designing, machining, and assembling the various components of the mold. Read more

A mounted wheel is a type of abrasive tool used in CNC machining, typically consisting of a small grinding wheel or cut-off wheel that is mounted on a shaft or mandrel for use in precision grinding or cutting applications. Read more

MRR, or material removal rate, is the amount of material removed from a workpiece during electrical discharge machining (EDM) per unit time, and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Multi-axis machining is a type of CNC machining process that involves the use of multiple rotary or linear axes to control the movement of cutting tools or workpieces, and may be used to create complex or highly detailed parts or… Read more

Nano-crystalline diamond is a type of abrasive material used in CNC machining, consisting of diamond particles that are nano-sized and highly uniform in shape and size, and may be used for grinding or cutting applications that require high precision and… Read more

Nomenclature refers to the system of names or terms used to describe the various components, features, or functions of a CNC machine or machining process, and may be used to facilitate communication or documentation of technical information. Read more

Off time refers to the time between electrical discharge cycles in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in controlling the heat buildup and wear on the electrode and workpiece. Read more

Offset refers to the adjustment of a cutting tool or workpiece position in a CNC machining operation, typically made to compensate for tool wear or to improve machining accuracy. Read more

On time refers to the duration of the electrical discharge in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Open-structure refers to the design of an abrasive tool used in CNC machining, where the abrasive particles are loosely spaced or distributed in a porous or open structure to allow for improved chip clearance and reduced loading. Read more

Optical profile grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, complex shapes or contours on a workpiece using a specialized optical system and grinding wheel, and may be used for high-precision applications such as mold or… Read more

Optimization refers to the process of improving the efficiency, productivity, or quality of a CNC machining operation by fine-tuning the various machining parameters or adjusting the tooling or equipment as needed. Read more

Overcut is the amount of material removed from a workpiece beyond the desired depth or shape during electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is a common concern in achieving precise and accurate machining results. Read more

Overhang refers to the distance between the cutting tool and the nearest support point in a CNC machining operation, and may affect the stability and accuracy of the machining process. Read more

A part program is a set of instructions or code used to control a CNC machine tool during a machining operation, and typically includes commands for tool movements, feed rates, cutting parameters, and other machining parameters. Read more

The parting line is the boundary between the cavity and core plates of an injection mold, and is the location where the two halves of the mold separate to release the molded part. Read more

Peak current is the maximum electrical current delivered to the electrode during electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

Peck drilling is a type of drilling process used in CNC machining, where the cutting tool is repeatedly lifted and lowered to break up chips and prevent clogging or binding of the tool, and may be used for drilling deep… Read more

Peel grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create high-precision, flat or contoured surfaces on a workpiece, typically using a narrow, straight grinding wheel and a rotary table or chuck to rotate the workpiece during the grinding… Read more

Plastic injection molding is a manufacturing process that involves injecting molten plastic into a mold cavity to create a desired shape or product, and is widely used for the production of consumer goods, automotive components, and other industrial products. Read more

Plastic resin is a type of material used in injection molding that is typically supplied in pellet or powder form, and is melted and injected into the mold cavity to form the molded part. Read more

Plunge grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, cylindrical or conical features on a workpiece by feeding the grinding wheel into the workpiece at a controlled rate, and may be used for grinding shafts, pins,… Read more

Pocket milling is a type of CNC milling process used to create pockets or cavities in a workpiece using a cutting tool that follows a predefined path, typically using a series of overlapping passes to remove material and create the… Read more

Polishing is a type of CNC finishing process used to improve the surface finish or texture of a workpiece by removing any remaining tool marks, scratches, or other surface imperfections using an abrasive material or polishing compound. Read more

Porosity refers to the presence of small voids or holes within a material, and may affect the strength, durability, or performance of a CNC machined part or component. Read more

Precision grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create high-precision, flat, or cylindrical surfaces on a workpiece using a grinding wheel with very tight tolerances and a high degree of accuracy. Read more

Profile grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create complex, contoured or irregular shapes on a workpiece using a specialized grinding wheel that is shaped to the desired geometry, and may be used for precision mold making… Read more

Profile milling is a type of CNC milling process used to create complex, 3-dimensional shapes or contours on a workpiece using a cutting tool with a profiled edge that follows the desired geometry, and may be used for creating molds,… Read more

Programming refers to the process of creating a part program or set of instructions that will control a CNC machine tool during a machining operation, and typically involves the use of specialized software or programming languages to specify tool movements,… Read more

Pulse duration refers to the length of time that the electrical discharge is active in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in controlling the heat buildup and wear on the electrode and workpiece. Read more

Pulse frequency, also known as pulse rate, is the number of electrical discharges per second in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in controlling the material removal rate and surface finish of the machined part. Read more

Pulse-off time refers to the time between electrical discharge cycles in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in controlling the heat buildup and wear on the electrode and workpiece. Read more

Pulse-on time refers to the duration of the electrical discharge in electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

A quill is a cylindrical extension of a spindle on a CNC milling machine that supports the cutting tool and provides additional stability and precision during the machining operation. Read more

Radial drilling is a type of drilling process used in CNC machining, where the cutting tool is moved in a circular or radial path around the workpiece to create holes or other features at various angles or orientations. Read more

Ramp milling is a type of CNC milling process used to create angled or ramped surfaces on a workpiece using a cutting tool that gradually increases or decreases in depth, and may be used for creating chamfers, bevels, or other… Read more

Rapid traverse is a mode of operation on a CNC machine tool that allows the cutting tool to move quickly and efficiently between different locations on the workpiece, typically using a high-speed feed rate and minimal cutting forces to reduce… Read more

A reamer is a cutting tool used in CNC machining to create smooth, precise holes in a workpiece, typically by enlarging an existing hole or removing any roughness or irregularities from the surface of the hole. Read more

The recast layer is a thin layer of molten and resolidified material that forms on the surface of the workpiece during electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is often characterized by a different microstructure and mechanical properties than the bulk material. Read more

A regulating wheel is a component of a centerless grinding machine that helps to control the speed and position of the workpiece during the grinding operation, and may be used for creating precise, cylindrical shapes or contours on a workpiece. Read more

Resin bonded refers to a type of abrasive material used in CNC grinding and finishing processes, where abrasive particles are bonded together with a resin or adhesive material to create a durable, high-performance abrasive wheel or belt. Read more

Reverse polarity is a technique used in electrical discharge machining (EDM) that involves reversing the direction of the electrical current to reduce electrode wear and improve machining efficiency. Read more

Rotary dressing is a type of dressing process used in CNC grinding, where a specialized dressing tool is rotated against a grinding wheel to remove any worn or dull abrasive particles and maintain the shape and surface finish of the… Read more

Rough grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to remove large amounts of material from a workpiece quickly and efficiently, typically using a coarse grinding wheel and high feed rates to reduce cycle time. Read more

Roughing is a type of CNC milling process used to remove large amounts of material from a workpiece quickly and efficiently, typically using a cutting tool with a high number of flutes and a high feed rate to reduce cycle… Read more

RPM stands for rotations per minute, and refers to the speed at which a CNC machine tool or cutting tool is rotating during a machining operation, and may be used to control cutting forces, optimize cutting parameters, and achieve the… Read more

The runner system is the network of channels and gates used to deliver molten plastic from the injection molding machine to the mold cavity, and may be designed as a hot or cold runner system. Read more

Runout refers to the deviation from true rotation of a CNC machine tool or cutting tool during a machining operation, and may be caused by misalignment, imbalance, or other factors that can affect the accuracy and precision of the finished… Read more

Safety refers to the measures taken to ensure the health and well-being of CNC machinists and other workers in a manufacturing environment, including the use of personal protective equipment, adherence to safety procedures and guidelines, and regular training and education… Read more

Scoring is a type of surface treatment used in CNC machining to create precise, shallow grooves or channels in a workpiece, typically using a cutting tool with a specialized geometry or shape. Read more

Setup refers to the process of preparing a CNC machine tool for a machining operation, including the installation and alignment of cutting tools, workholding devices, and other components, as well as the calibration and adjustment of machine parameters and settings. Read more

A shank is the part of a cutting tool that is gripped by the tool holder or collet, and may be cylindrical or tapered in shape to allow for secure clamping and maximum rigidity during CNC machining operations. Read more

Shear is a type of cutting action that occurs when a CNC cutting tool moves past the surface of a workpiece at an angle, slicing off thin layers of material to create a smooth, precise finish or to remove unwanted… Read more

Shrinkage is the amount of material reduction that occurs during the cooling and solidification of molten plastic in the injection mold, and is a critical factor in mold design and part quality. Read more

Side action refers to the use of additional components, such as lifters or slides, in an injection mold to create undercuts or other complex features in the molded part. Read more

Side grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, flat surfaces on the sides of a workpiece, typically using a grinding wheel with a straight or angled profile and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

Single point grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, cylindrical shapes or contours on a workpiece, typically using a single-point cutting tool that is carefully positioned and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

A slide is a type of component used in injection molds to create undercuts or other complex features in the molded part by sliding along a plane or other axis. Read more

Slot milling is a type of CNC milling process used to create narrow, precise slots or grooves in a workpiece, typically using a cutting tool with a narrow profile and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

Spark erosion, also known as electrical discharge erosion, is a phenomenon that occurs when electrical discharges remove material from a workpiece and produce a specific pattern or texture on the machined surface. Read more

A spark generator is a component of an electrical discharge machining (EDM) system that generates high-voltage electrical pulses to create sparking and remove material from the workpiece. Read more

Spark machining, also known as electrical discharge machining (EDM), is a manufacturing process that uses electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece and create precise shapes and features. Read more

A spindle is a rotating component of a CNC machine tool that holds the cutting tool and allows it to move precisely along the X, Y, and Z axes, typically driven by a motor and controlled by the CNC program. Read more

Spot drilling is a type of CNC drilling process used to create precise, shallow holes or indentations in a workpiece, typically using a specialized cutting tool and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

The sprue is the channel through which molten plastic is injected into the mold cavity during the injection molding process, and is typically removed from the finished part after ejection. Read more

Steel hardness refers to the level of resistance to penetration or deformation exhibited by a particular type of steel, and is an important factor in the durability and wear resistance of injection molds. Read more

Steel type refers to the specific alloy composition and properties of the steel used in injection molds, and may vary depending on the application and requirements of the mold. Read more

Superabrasive refers to a type of abrasive material used in CNC grinding and finishing processes, typically made from synthetic diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN), and designed for high-performance, long-lasting grinding applications. Read more

A support pillar is a type of component used in injection molds to provide additional support and stability to the mold base and other components during operation. Read more

Surface finish refers to the quality and smoothness of the surface of a workpiece after a CNC machining operation, typically measured in terms of roughness or waviness, and controlled by the cutting parameters, tool geometry, and machine settings. Read more

Surface grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, flat surfaces on a workpiece, typically using a grinding wheel with a horizontal or vertical spindle and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

Swarf is a term used to describe the small chips or shavings of material that are produced during a CNC machining operation, typically consisting of small pieces of metal, plastic, or other materials that are removed from the workpiece by… Read more

Taper is the angle of the sidewalls of a hole or channel created through electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is often controlled by the geometry of the tool electrode and the electrical parameters of the machining process. Read more

Taper grinding is a type of CNC grinding process used to create precise, tapered shapes or contours on a workpiece, typically using a grinding wheel with a tapered profile and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

A tapered end mill is a cutting tool used in CNC milling to create precise, tapered holes or channels in a workpiece, typically using a cutting tool with a conical or angled shape and controlled by the CNC machine tool. Read more

Tapping is a cutting process that involves threading a hole. It involves the use of a tool that cuts threads. Read more

Thermoplastic is a type of plastic material that is capable of being melted and solidified multiple times without significant degradation, and is widely used in injection molding and other manufacturing processes. Read more

Thermoset is a type of plastic material that undergoes irreversible chemical cross-linking during curing, and is used in injection molding and other applications where high strength and durability are required. Read more

A thread mill is a cutting tool used to cut threads on a part. It is used in place of a tap to produce threads. Read more

A threaded insert is a device that is placed into a material to provide a threaded hole for a screw or bolt. Read more

Threading is the process of creating a screw thread. It can be done by cutting, grinding or rolling. Read more

A three-plate mold is a type of injection mold that uses three separate plates, including a runner plate, cavity plate, and core plate, to form the mold cavity and allow for ejection of the molded part. Read more

A tool is a device used to perform a specific function in a machining process, such as cutting or drilling. Read more

A tool changer is a device that automatically changes the tools in a CNC machine during the machining process. Read more

A tool electrode is a conductive component used in electrical discharge machining (EDM) to remove material from the workpiece through sparking, and may be made from a variety of materials such as copper, graphite, or tungsten. Read more

A tool holder is a device that holds a cutting tool in place during the machining process. Read more

Tool wear is the gradual degradation of the tool electrode during electrical discharge machining (EDM) due to sparking and other factors, and is a critical factor in determining the quality and efficiency of the machining process. Read more

Tooling refers to the collection of tools used in a particular machining operation. Read more

The toolpath is the path that the cutting tool follows during a machining operation. Read more

Toolroom grinding is the process of using a grinder to shape and finish tools used in a machining process. Read more

Torque is the measure of the twisting force applied to a rotating object. It is an important parameter in machining. Read more

Tramming is the process of aligning the spindle of a milling machine perpendicular to the worktable. Read more

Travel refers to the distance that a machine tool moves during a machining operation. Read more

Truing is the process of restoring the shape of a grinding wheel to its original form. Read more

Turning is a machining process in which a cutting tool is used to remove material from a rotating workpiece. Read more

A turret is a tool holding device used on a lathe or mill that allows for the efficient and quick changing of cutting tools. Read more

A two-plate mold is a type of injection mold that uses two separate plates, including a cavity plate and a core plate, to form the mold cavity and allow for ejection of the molded part. Read more

Ultrasonic machining is a non-traditional machining process that uses high-frequency vibrations to remove material from a workpiece. Read more

An undercut is a feature or detail on a molded part that prevents it from being removed from the mold cavity in a straight line, requiring the use of additional components such as lifters or slides. Read more

A vent is a small gap or opening in an injection mold that allows air or gas to escape during the molding process, preventing the formation of voids or other defects in the finished part. Read more

Venting refers to the process of creating and maintaining vents in an injection mold to allow air or gas to escape during the molding process, and is critical for producing high-quality molded parts. Read more

Vibration is the unwanted movement of a machine tool or workpiece during a machining operation that can affect accuracy and quality. Read more

Active Damping Control (ADC) is a technology used to minimize vibration in machine tools by adjusting the cutting forces in real time. Read more

Voltage refers to the electrical potential difference between two points in an electrical discharge machining (EDM) system, and is an important factor in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the machining process. Read more

The waterline is the level or height of the cooling channels in an injection mold, and is an important factor in the cooling and solidification of the molten plastic during molding. Read more

Wear is the gradual loss of material from a cutting tool or workpiece due to repeated use. Read more

A wear plate is a type of component used in injection molds to protect other components from wear and damage caused by the molding process, and is typically made of a hard, durable material such as steel. Read more

A wheel is a circular cutting tool used in grinding, milling, and other machining operations. Read more

Wheel dressing is the process of restoring the shape and sharpness of a grinding wheel by removing worn particles and dressing the abrasive grains. Read more

Wire EDM, also known as wire electrical discharge machining, is a specialized form of electrical discharge machining that uses a thin wire electrode to create precise cuts and shapes in the workpiece. Read more

A wire guide is a component of a wire electrical discharge machining (EDM) system that directs the thin wire electrode along the desired cutting path, and is critical for achieving precise and accurate machining results. Read more

Wire tension is the level of tension applied to the thin wire electrode in wire electrical discharge machining (EDM), and is an important factor in controlling the stability and accuracy of the machining process. Read more

The work envelope is the physical space within which a machine tool can operate and still maintain accuracy and quality. Read more

Workholding refers to the methods and devices used to secure a workpiece in place during a machining operation. Read more

A workpiece is the object being machined in a machining operation. Read more

The bottom dead center (BLM) is the lowest point of a workpiece in a lathe, where the cutting tool can begin to remove material. Read more

The Y-axis is the axis perpendicular to the X-axis on a Cartesian coordinate system used to control movement in the vertical direction. Read more

The Yudo hot runner system is a type of injection molding system that uses heated channels to keep the plastic resin molten as it is delivered to the mold cavity, and is known for its precision and reliability. Read more

The Z-axis is the vertical axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system, and is commonly used in the design and machining of injection molds and other precision components. Read more

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